Reading notes from “Unschooling Rules”

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To many, learning in a classroom is like eating food from the frozen section of a supermarket. What initially appears to be sustaining, convenient, and diverse is really over-processed, expensive, and homogeneous.

Here are 55 rules for unschooling.

  1. Learn to be; learn to do; learn to know
  2. Focus on reading, writing, and arithmetic
  3. Learn something because you need it or because you love it
  4. Twenty-five critical skills are seldom taught, tested, or graded in high school
  5. Don’t worry about preparing students for jobs from an Agatha Christie novel
  6. Avoid the academic false dichotomy of “The Cultural Literacy Track” or “The Vocational Track”
  7. Throughout life, everyone unschools most of the time
  8. What a person learns in a classroom is how to be a person in a classroom
  9. Sitting through a classroom lecture is not just unnatural for most people, it is painful
  10. Animals are better than books about animals
  11. Use microcosms as much as possible in learning programs
  12. Internships, apprenticeships, and interesting jobs beat term papers, textbooks, and tests.
  13. Include meaningful work
  14. Create and use periods of reflection
  15. If you care about learning, start with food
  16. Embrace all technologies
  17. Listen while doing
  18. One computer + one spreadsheet software program = math curricula
  19. Have a well-stocked library
  20. Read what normal people read
  21. Is it better to be “A Great Reader” than “Addicted to Computer Games”?
  22. Formally learn only what is reinforced during the next 14 days (you will forget everything else anyway)
  23. Build more, consume less
  24. Teaching is leadership. Most teaching is bad leadership
  25. Expose more, teach less
  26. Biologically, the necessary order of learning is: explore, then play, then add rigor
  27. The ideal class size isn’t thirty, or even fifteen, but more like five
  28. One traditional school day includes less than 3 hours of formal instruction and practice, which you can cover in 2
  29. Homework helps school systems, not students
  30. Every day, adults are role models of learning (whether or not they want to be)
  31. Avoid the Stockholm syndrome
  32. Schools are designed to create both winners and losers
  33. In education, customization is important like air is important
  34. There is no one answer to how to educate a child. There may not be any answers
  35. Be what schools pretend to be, not what schools are
  36. Fifteen models that are better for childhood learning than schools are
  37. Feed passions and embrace excellence
  38. Children learn unevenly, even backwards
  39. Five subjects a day? Really?
  40. Maturing solves a lot of problems
  41. Socialize your children. Just don’t use schools to do it
  42. Grouping students by the same age is just a bad idea
  43. Minimize “the drop-off”
  44. Increase exposure to non-authority figure adults
  45. Tests don’t work. Get over it. Move on
  46. The future is portfolios, not transcripts
  47. Keep a focused journal
  48. Use technology as assessment
  49. College: the hardest no-win decision your family may ever make
  50. Outdoors beats indoors
  51. Walk a lot
  52. Under-schedule to take advantage of the richness of life
  53. Parents care more than any institution about their children
  54. Children should be raised by people who love them
  55. The only sustainable answer to the global education challenge is a diversity of approaches

Reading notes for “The Talent Code”

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After a couple of months wandering, I am back to track to finish all the book readings recommended by “Acton Academy”.

I finished “The Talent Code: Greatness isn’t born. It’s grown. Here’s how.” yesterday when I was waiting for my dad’s heart stent surgery. The book constantly discuss that talent is nature or nurture.

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There are three parts of talent creation. The ignition of wanting to be better and continue improving. The deep practice needed to increase and create myelin. The coaching needed to guide the whole journey and make it happen.

The book started by explaining what is talent and introduced Myelin. Myelin is a fat like substance that wrap around the never needed to perform a certain task. Any thing we do is to send an electric pulse through the nerve. As the pulse travels, it loses strength. Myelin is there to insulate and preserve the strength, leading to repeatable and high accurate performance that we called talent, but not luck.

The revolution is built on three simple facts. (1) Every human movement, thought, or feeling is a precisely timed electric signal traveling through a chain of neurons – a circuit of nerve fibers. (2) Myelin is the insulation that wraps these nerve fibers and increases signal strength, speed, and accuracy. (3) The more we fire a particular circuit, the more myelin optimizes that circuit, and the stronger, faster, and more fluent our movements and thoughts become.

The author shared the concept of Deep Practice and focused on its the reason to increase myelin. Deep practice is built on a paradox: struggling in certain targeted ways – operating at the edges of your ability, where you make mistakes – makes you smarter. Or to put it a slightly different way, experiences where you’re forced to slow down, make errors, and correct them – as you would if you were walking up an ice-covered hill, slipping and stumbling as you go – end up making you swift and graceful without your realizing it.

The trick is to choose a goal just beyond your present abilities; to target the struggle.

Every expert in every field is the result of around ten thousand hours of committed practice. It does not need to be 10-12 hours a day. A lot of talent practice only 3-5 hours a day. This means 10 years practicing.

Holy Shit Effect – HSE is when we see some talent happens from day to day people just like us. How to make it happen? Three rules.

Rule 1 – Chunk it up. First, look at the task as a whole – as one big chunk, the mega-circuit. Second, divide it into its smallest possible chunks. Third, play with time, slowing the action down, then speeding it up, to learn its inner architecture. Absorbing a picture of the skill until you can imagine yourself doing it. Quite like visualization. Break it to chunks. Slow it down so that you can attend more closely to errors, creating a higher degree of precision with each firing. (A great example here of chess player)

Rule 2 – Repeat it. Firing the impulse down the nerve fiber, fixing errors, honing the circuit.

Rule 3 – Learn to feel it.

The second part of the book talks about ignition. Why people want to go into deep practice, while some other don’t. While deep practice is all about staggering-baby steps, ignition is about the set of signals and subconscious forces that create our identity; the moments that lead us to say that is who I want to be.

The answer is FUTURE BELONGING. Each signal is the motivational equivalent of a flashing read light: those people over there are doing something terrifically worthwhile. They look like me, why can’t I do it?! We have all felt motivated by the desire to connect ourselves to high-achieving groups. Those are the primal cues.

Talent requires deep practice. Deep practice requires vast amount of energy. Primal cues trigger huge outpourings of energy. Safety and future belongings are two powerful primal cues.

The third and last part of the book talks about master coaching. Master coaching is something more evanescent: more art than science. Master coaches are the human delivery system for the signals that fuel and direct the growth of a given skills circuit, telling it with great clarity to fire here and not here.

Three virtues are needed. 1) The matrix. 2) Perceptiveness. 3) The GPS Reflex.

The framework the book layout is simple yet ground breaking. It gives me a way to seek what Phoebe, Hanalei, and Chelsie may be interested in. It also gives me an expectation to know that the journey of them pursuing what they like won’t be easy. I need to create a safety net for them to fail to learn and to grow.

What I learned from “The Gifts of Imperfection”

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Note: lots of words in this articles are all citing from the book “The Gifts of Imperfection”

“The Gifts of Imperfection” is the second book I read on my hero’s journey to learn and grow with my daughters Phoebe, Hanalei, and Chelsie. The book is one of 28 books that “Courage to Grow” recommends all Acton Academy family to read. My kids are too young for Acton Academy, but I plan to use the next 3 years to prep myself and the grow with them.

I picked this book as my next book, not only because it is what Oprah recommended and also on the best seller table on Barns & Noble, it is more about the topic – I have been searching for perfectionism for my entire life. I set high standard for others and sometimes even higher for myself. My body is always tired and mind exhausted in searching for the castle in the air. I need to let go of who I think I am supposed to be and embrace who I am.

Perfectionism is not the same thing as striving to be your best. Perfectionism is not about healthy achievement and growth. Perfectionism is the belief that if we live perfect, look perfect, and act perfect, we can minimize or avoid the pain of blame, judgement, and shame. It’s a shield. Perfectionism is a twenty-ton shield that we lug around thinking it will protect us when, in fact, it’s the thing that’s really preventing us from taking flight.

Perfectionism is not self-improvement. Perfectionism is, at its core, about trying to earn approval and acceptance. Most perfectionists were raised being praised for achievement and performance (grades, manners, rule-following, people-pleasing, appearance, sports). Somewhere along the way, we adopt this dangerous and debilitating belief system: I am what I accomplish and how well I accomplish it. Please. Perform. Perfect. Healthy striving is self-focused – How can I improve? Perfectionism is other-focused – What will they think?

Stop chasing after perfectionism. Stop passing it down to our children, infecting our workplace with impossible expectation, and suffocating our friends and families. Remember that “There is a crack in everything. That’s how the light gets in.”


The book is surrounded on the idea of Wholehearted Living. It means cultivating the courage, compassion, and connection to wake up in the morning and think, No matter what gets done and how much is left undone, I am enough. It is going to bed at night thinking, Yes, I am imperfect and vulnerable and sometimes afraid but that doesn’t change the truth that I am also brave and worthy of love and belonging.

I made a promise to myself that when I felt emotionally, physically, and spiritually done, I’d try slowing down rather than replying on my old standbys: pushing through, soldiering on, and sucking it up.

To embrace the gift of imperfection, we need to have Courage, Compassion, and Connection. The three attributes that we all need to practice to gain.

The author Brene’s personal example of practicing courage echos my struggles very much. She mentioned… I also see courage in myself when I’m willing to risk being vulnerable and disappointed. For many years, if I really wanted something to happen – an invitation to speak at a special conference, a promotion, a radio interview – I pretended that it didn’t matter that much. If a friend or colleague would ask, “Are you excited about the television interview?” I’d shrug if off and say, “I’m not sure. It’s not that big of a deal.” Of course, in reality, I was praying that it would happen.

It’s only been in the last few years that I’ve learned that playing down the exciting stuff doesn’t take the pain away when it doesn’t happen. It does, however, minimize the joy when it does happen. It also creates a lot of isolation. Once you’ve diminished the importance of something, your friends are not likely to call and say, “I’m sorry that didn’t work out. I know you were excited about it.”

Now when someone asks me about a potential opportunity that I’m excited about, I’m more likely to practice courage and say “I’m so excited about the possibility. I’m trying to stay realistic, but I really hope it happens.”


Another key element of wholehearted living is to practice compassion. Brene mentioned that compassion cannot come without boundaries. It is like Yin and Yang. The heart of compassion is really acceptance. The better we are accepting ourselves and others, the more compassionate we become. Well, it’s difficult to accept people when they are hurting us or taking advantage of us or walking all over us. If we really want to practice compassion, we have to start by setting boundaries and holding people accountable for their behavior.

Wouldn’t it be better if we could be kinder, but firmer?

In my real estate business of GPS Renting, I always say our motto is Professional, Honest, and Kind. In our daily work and especially dilemma, I often highlight kindness to my team. It is definitely important, however, I also realized that the kindness should come with limit and boundary. We need the other party to be accountable to receive the kindness.


We human are social creatures. We need love and belongings. However, for so long, people are confused the words of “fitting in” and “belonging“. Fitting in is about assessing a situation and becoming who you need to be to be accepted. Belonging, on the other hand, doesn’t require us to change who we are; it requires us to be who we are.

This is especially true for me growing up as a gay person in an environment what being gay is not an option. I was working so hard to fit in. Now with my husband and three girls, I need to work on creating an environment that they will feel belonging.


So, what stops us having a wholehearted living?

Shame. Shames keeps worthiness away by convincing us that owning our stories will lead to people thinking less of us. Shame is all about fear. We’re afraid that people won’e like us if they know the truth about who we are, where we come from, what we believe, how much we’re struggling, or, believe it or not, how wonderful we are when soaring.

Shame needs three things to grow out of control in our lives: secrecy, silence, and judgement. When something shaming happens and we keep it locked up, it festers and grows. It consumes us.

This was my entire life before I came out to myself and to the world. By trying to fitting in with others that are different than me, I created a space that only shame and myself existed. Writing the book “Two Dads and Three Girls” is a great way to build shame resilience. I processed all the judgements that I thought were there because of my sexuality. I announced, loudly, to the world that I am gay and I am happy with my husband and three girls. This broke the three elements of shame – secrecy, silence, and judgement – and set me free to a confident self.

The author Brene also mentioned that there is a big difference between Shame and Guilt.

Shame = I am bad. Guilt = I did something bad.

This is especially important when talking to kids. Growing up is a process of falling down and getting up. It is important to let children to use more guilt self-talk (I did something bad) rather than shame self-talk (I am bad). We need to let them know that they can correct their mistake and improve, instead of teaching them that they are not inherently worthy of love.


To build shame resilience, we need to focus on building hope. Hope is not an emotion. It is a way of thinking or a cognitive process. Emotions play a supporting role, but hope is really a thought process made up of what Snyder calls a trilogy of goals, pathways, and agency.

  1. I know where I want to go.
  2. I know how to get there, I’m persistent, and I can tolerate disappointment and try again.
  3. I can do this!

Hope is learned! Children most often learn hope from their parents. It is about boundaries, consistency, and support. We develop a hopeful mind-set when we understand that some worthy endeavors will be difficult and time consuming and not enjoyable at all. We have the ability to teach children how to hope. It is a conscious choice.


Another important aspect (Berne calls it Guide Post in the book) is cultivating joy and gratitude.

Twinkle lights are the perfect metaphor for joy. Joy is not a constant. It comes to us in moments – often ordinary moments. Sometimes we miss out on the bursts of joy because we’re too busy chasing down extraordinary moments. Other times we are so afraid of the dark that we don’t dare let ourselves enjoy the light. Remember, the dark does not destroy the light; it defines it. It is our fear of the dark that casts our joy into the shadows.

In the modern world, we are always hungry for more joy: because we are starving from a lack of gratitude. Addressing scarcity doesn’t mean searching for abundance but rather choosing a mind-set of sufficiency.

Sufficiency isn’t an amount at all. It is an experience, a context we generate, a declaration, a knowing that there is enough, and that we are enough.


Dance like no one is watching. Sing like no one is listening. Love like you’ve never been hurt and live like it’s heaven on Earth.

Laughter, song, and dance create emotional and spiritual connection; they remind us of the one thing that truly matters when we are searching for comfort, celebration, inspiration, or healing: we are not alone.

This is especially important when growing up with the kids. Blasting out Shake it Off or Let it Go with Phoebe while shaking my body is a fun activity that we do all the time. After that, I always feel fuller and happier.


The truth is that meaningful change is a process. It can be uncomfortable and is often risky, especially when we’re talking about embracing our imperfections, cultivating authenticity, and looking the world in the eye and saying, “I am enough.”

However afraid we are of change, the question that we must ultimately answer is this: What’s the greater risk? Letting go of what people think or letting go of how I feel, what I believe, and who I am?

Revolution might sound a little dramatic, but in this world, choosing authenticity and worthiness is an absolute act of resistance. Choosing to live and love with our whole hearts is an act of defiance. You are going to confuse, piss off, and terrify lots of people – including yourself. One minute you’ll pray that the transformation stops, and the next minute you’ll pray that it never ends. You’ll also wonder how you can feel so brave and so afraid at the same time. At least that’s how I feel most of the time… brave, afraid, and very, very alive.

What I learned from “Courage to Grow”

Book Name: Courage to Grow – How Acton Academy Turns Learning Upside Down

Progress track: Book 1 of “A new journey to find out the genius in my kids and learn to grow with them”

One sentence summary of the book: Laura shared her journey from building a home school just for her kids Sam and Charlie, to start the Acton Academy movement of upside down learning of finding genius in each kid.

My learnings
This book is awakening. It is easy to read and also so enjoyable. I always find that education is such a serious and intimidate topic, such as history. I got burned from the wrong way of learning history in school, so I was always afraid of it. “Courage to Grow” makes education seems so much fun and full of challenge.

Back in 2008 when Laura and her husband Jeff decided to started to home schooling their sons, they were not imagining that they will revolutionize kids learning today and have over 100 Acton Academy around the world!

So what makes Acton Academy unique?

The beliefs.

Each kid is genius. It is on us to find out their unique genius and cultivate them. Education should not force the children to fit in, but let the children learn by their uniqueness.

The principles.

There are three principles that are embedded in the name of Acton Academy

First, trust the children. It is a truth that the Founding Fathers knew – that children need guardrails, mentors, and legitimate authority, and they could be trusted with far more responsibility than most school administrators today could imagine.

Then, let them struggle. Parents who persistently fall on the side of intervening for their child, as opposed to supporting their child’s attempts to problem-solve, interfere with the most important task of childhood and adolescence; the development of a sense of self.

And always, seize the adventure. Questions, curiosity, trust, and struggle – these are the ultimate traits of a real adventure. Acton Academy was more a quest to discover one’s greatest gifts and the grand wonders of the world than a “school”.

Since the dawn of human civilization, the great myth affirming life as an adventure of self-discovery has struck souls of all ages. Joseph Campbell’s work brought the truth behind this narrative to life. George Lucas and Disney have used it well. From Star Wars to The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast, their stories hinge on the truth that even young children are drawn to transformative questions:

  • Am I really a match for this task?
  • Can I overcome the dangers?
  • Who are my friends?
  • Do I have the courage and the capacity for the challenge before me?

Each of us is just an ordinary persons; but if we’re willing to say yes to new experiences and keep moving forward, even when it’s hard, it hurts, and it includes failure, then we are – all of us – heroes on a journey.

A hero is not someone who has super power, but somebody who stand up on where he/she fell down.

Each child in Acton Academy needs to be on a Hero’s journey. At the beginning of a school year, they need to announce their journey to their tribe and write a contract to themselves.

The method and mentors that the methods are based on.

When I was working in SAP, I learned that in 21st century, innovation is not about creating something out of nowhere, but bringing something existing and creating a new and better way to solve a problem or reach a goal. This is exactly how Acton Academy is working. Laura and Jeff identified a list of mentors and modeled the learning after them.

  • Socrates. Never answer a child’s question directly. Work with them to figure it out. That’s why there is no teacher, but guide in Acton Academy.
  • Thomas Jefferson. Our third president, and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, believed in learning by doing. “Do you want to know who you are?” he asked. “Don’t ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you.” At Acton Academy, the learnings is focused on doing, from the business fair for elementary school, to apprenticeship each year for middle and high school students.
  • Maria Montessori. Acton Academy is heavily modeling after Montessori in the sense of student self-direction, circle time, mixed age classrooms with the maximum of 36 children, and adult’s role as guide but not teacher.
  • Sugata Mitra. I was at TED event when Sugata received his 2013 TED Prize. In 1999, Sugata Mitra and his colleagues dug a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, installed an Internet-connected PC and left it there, with a hidden camera filming the area. What they saw: kids from the slum playing with the computer and, in the process, learning how to use it — then teaching each other. These famed “Hole in the Wall” experiments demonstrated that, in the absence of supervision and formal teaching, children can teach themselves and each other — if they’re motivated by curiosity. Acton Academy embraces the minimally invasive education and also the latest technology driven learning.
  • Sal Khan. Lots of Acton learning, especially math, are all directly online courses from Khan Academy. Sal Kahn is also Laura and Jeff’s mentor when starting Acton Academy.
  • Laura and Jeff’s kids. It is our children who would teach us the most about learning.

Great quotes from the book.

One of my favorite lessons grew from answering a question posed to me by Socratic master teacher Steven Tomlinson, who asked “Would you rather be right or surprised?

I began this journey wanting to be right. I wanted formulas, answers, evidence. I even wanted report cards, test scores, and grades – some authority figure to tell me how I was doing.

I now am grateful to be surprised. With surprise comes a sense of wonder, a sense of risk and flying off into the unknown, ready to self-correct when needed. Embracing school as an experiment has meant we are all learners at Acton; there are no experts among us. There is a playful and fun yet deeply serious ethos that surrounds us each day, because we are bound by principles and purpose. We can be free to explore with a sense of stability in our questioning and questing.

Struggle will teach you the best things about yourself.

If children are given room to struggle and to figure things out on their own, and if they have support from a mentor, peer, or guide who knows them well and holds them accountable, they will learn more than we can imagine.

How can I make this kind of room? I must remember to step back. Wait to be surprised instead of right. Only then will I discover the wonderment of daily life.

It was the children who taught me how to be a parent. They were the ones who had the courage to grow

Here is the next book I am going to read. “The gifts of Imperfection“.

Start of a new journey

People always say that writing a book could be a long and painful journey. Surprisingly to me, writing my memoir “Two Dads and Three Girls” was natural and smooth. It is definitely not because my mastery of language. My husband Bryan still makes fun of my broken English every other day. I guess it is because that I was not writing just a book, I was writing my life – the pain, the struggle, the never-give-up, and the sad or happy memories.

The book came as an answer to Andrew Solomon’s call-to-action in his TED Talk “How the worst moments in our life make us who we are” .

“Go out and tell someone. There’s always somebody who wants to confiscate our humanity. And there are always stories that restore it. If we live out loud, we can trounce the hatred, and expand everyone’s lives.”

Watching Andrew’s talk every time made me tear up. I knew how far I have come from a confused straight boy in China to having a husband and three young daughters in Seattle.

I want to tell my story to help the people who are struggling with their sexuality because of their parents, or society, or religion. When all pointers are telling them that being gay isn’t an option, they need to know there’s hope if they have courage and love.

Looking back, in the past ten years, I was working on a journey to first coming out to myself and others, and then building a family with Bryan and our three daughters Phoebe, Hanalei, and Chelsie through surrogacy. In that journey, I was stumbling while thriving because I kept telling myself that there will be a way out, as long as I don’t lose hope.

Now, after finishing writing a book to summarize that part of life, I suddenly realized that I was given a task that I was not ready for – raising the three girls to the best I can.

Writing “Two Dads and Three Girls” made me relive the memories of Chinese education ecosystem – the stuffing the duck method, the non-stop comparison with your friends, and the game of memorizing the correct answers. Those are the things I hate the most, while ironically give me everything I have today.

Phoebe, Hanalei, and Chelsie will not go through the education system I experienced. But what is ahead of them? How can I be the best parent to give them the support and the freedom to be the best version of themselves?

The Alchemist” said that once you really want something and truly believe in it, the whole world will come to help you. This is so true! This is how I met Laura Sandefer!

I met Laura in a personal development retreat in Texas back in March 2019. Laura and her husband Steve founded Acton Academy back in 2008. Today, they had over 100 schools around the world!

QLM Retreat with a group of amazing people!
Meeting Laura after her talk at QLM Retreat

Laura gave a talk about her journey to starting Acton Academy as a home school with a single purpose to help her own kids Sam and Charlie to grow up to their full potential. In 10 years, they are revolutionizing the education industry by starting a movement.

In that talk, Laura talked about never killing a kids curiosity; always working with kids on finding answers instead of giving out one; learning by practicing; and letting the kids be on a Hero’s journey to fail and get up.

My eyes were tearing up. This is the answer that I have been looking for. A way of education not to let my children to fit in to, but let the system bring out the best of my children and make them feel a sense of belonging.

I was fired up. I devoured her book “Courage to Grow – How Acton Academy Turns Learning Upside Down“. I let it settled a little and then read it again during our family road trip to Utah in mid June.

Sitting on the co-pilot seat while Bryan was driving, looking at the road in front of us, I realized that this is a new Hero’s journey that I want to be on. My girls are 2, 2, and 3 years old. I want to learn and grow with them. I want to find the genius in each of them, to cherish them, and let them flourish. I want to help them be on their own Hero’s journey, fail and then get up to try again.

Finishing another reader of the book, thoughts cannot stop…

In the first chapter of “Two Dads and Three Girls“, I talked about the Vancouver night. I started a private blog called “Looking for My Way Out” right after that night in 2010 to document my journey of finding my true self. Right now, I plan to use this blog to document the journey of my learning and growing with my girls.

So where am I at now?

I re-read “Courage to Grow” three times in the past week. I bought almost all 28 books that Laura recommend to read. I plan to read one book a week and write down the learnings in this blog. Some books are huge, it may take two weeks. I hope these books can broaden my thoughts and make me a more informed parent.

While I read most books on Kindle now, I decided to choose paperback this time!

There will be one Acton Academy affiliate called Creator’s House opening in Seattle this fall. I met the founder Mike and school principal Moonjung already. Since they start with elementary school level, it will be a few years until my girls are ready. I plan to see whether I can volunteer there to learn more.

I should also keep my mind open and welcome any other methods of education. Bryan’s best friend Rob’s sister Andrea has been home schooling her kids for four years. We met them in Rob’s wedding in Cancun. Andrea’s kids are some of the brightest and well behaving kids that I have ever met. I had a call with Andrew this past week and learn about the method she followed is Charlotte Mason. I plan to have a day shadowing with her kids in late July to learn more.

That’s my thoughts so far. I know I am on a Hero’s journey, which means that I will fail. But as Laura said – hero is not who has super power, but is who can stand up from where she/he fails!